A N O M A L I S T    B O O K S      New Releases •   Coming Soon •   Catalog  •   Search  •   About Us  •  Contact "Remarkable and surprising..,"   "A thumping good read..." "An extraordinary compilation." OUTBREAK! The Encyclopedia of Extraordinary Social Behavior by Hilary Evans and Robert E. Bartholomew Anomalist Books Trade Paperback, $39.95 ISBN: 1933665254 Large format (8.5 x 11 inches) 784 pages, 90 illustrations Order from AMAZON here: or from Barnes & Noble or your local bookstore From fads, crazes, and manias to collective delusions, scares, panics, and mass hysterias, history is replete with examples of remarkable social behavior. Many are fueled by fear and uncertainty; others are driven by hope and expectation. For others still, the causes are more obscure. This massive collection of extraordinary social behaviors spans more than two millennia, and attempts to place many of the episodes within their greater historical and cultural context. Perhaps the most well-known example of unusual collective behavior occurred in 1938, when a million or more Americans were frightened or panicked after listening to a realistic radio drama about a Martian invasion of New Jersey, based on an adaptation of the H.G. Wells novel War of the Worlds. Less known but equally remarkable scares based on Wells’ book occurred in Chile in 1944 (when Army units were mobilized), in Ecuador in 1949 (when riots broke out, leaving more than a dozen dead), as well as in Buffalo in 1968, Rhode Island in 1974, and Europe in 1988 and 1998. The modern civilized world is by no means immune to such peculiar episodes. In the late 20th century, scores of people in the U.S. and Europe were wrongly incarcerated following claims of Satanic ritual abuse by authorities untutored in False Memory Syndrome. This episode recalls the European witch terror of the late Middle Ages, when innocent people were tortured and executed for consorting with the Devil based on the flimsiest of evidence. This Encyclopedia is an authoritative reference on a broad range of topics: collective behavior, deviance, social and perceptual psychology, sociology, history, folklore, religious studies, political science, social anthropology, gender studies, critical thinking, and mental health. Never before have so many sources been brought together on the mesmerizing topic of collective behavior. What they are saying... “I was incredibly impressed. A remarkable and surprising collection of social behaviors that demonstrates how quickly we humans make the bizarre seem normal when we huddle together in groups. Both compelling and complete...an Aladdin’s cave of social curiosities drawn from rigorous research. I can’t think of any book that is a more complete guide to the oddities of human social history.” – Vaughan Bell, Ph.D., Clinical Psychologist, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Antioquia “In this encyclopedic guide to the wilder shores of collective behavior, Evans and Bartholomew explore unusual social movements and what seem otherwise inexplicable outbreaks of collective behaviors. The result is a work of immense erudition and scholarship but also a thumping good read. I read it on a plane, and found that my companions in the seats either side of me were as engrossed as I was...” – Simon Wessely, Chair and Head of the Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London “An extraordinary compilation of approximately 340 incidents of collective behavior spread over many countries on all continents, encompassing a time span of centuries. It is, without any doubt, the most ambitious undertaking of its sort, with entries ranging from the Children’s Crusades to the Chilean Martian Panic, from Cyber Ghost Scares to the Popish Plot...an excellent resource for library references as well as for college-level teachers of collective behavior.” – Benigno Aguirre, Professor of Sociology, University of Delaware About the authors... Hilary Evans is a British historian who holds a BA from Cambridge University and a Masters in English literature from Birmingham University. A collector of rare and antique books and illustrations, he is the curator of the prestigious Mary Evans Picture Library in London. Over the past fi ve decades he has authored dozens of books on an array of topics ranging from life in Victorian England and illustrated histories and biographies, to altered states of consciousness, religious and social history, folklore and modern mythology, ancient mysteries and media scares. His books include Intrusions: Society & the Paranormal (1982), Gods, Spirits, Cosmic Guardians (1987), and Panic Attacks: Media Manipulation and Mass Delusion (2004) with Robert Bartholomew. Robert Bartholomew is an authority on collective behavior and social deviance. He holds a Masters in sociology from The State University of New York at Albany and a Ph.D. from James Cook University. His studies have appeared in dozens of peer-reviewed journals including the British Medical Journal; Canadian Medical Association Journal; The International Journal of Social Psychiatry; The Sociological Quarterly, and Educational Studies. His books include Exotic Deviance: Medicalizing Cultural Idioms – From Strangeness to Illness (2000), and Hoaxes, Myths & Manias: Why We Need Critical Thinking (2003) with Ben Radford. He has been interviewed in The New Yorker, The Wall Street Journal, The Los Angeles Times, USA Today, The BBC Morning Show, and on the History Channel. Read an interview with Robert Bartholomew in USA Today.  The book has also been mentioned on ABC News Online, and in The New York Times and The Guardian. TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword by Benigno Aguirre, Ph.D.  ix Introduction  x Preface  xvi Abdera Outbreak of Prose and Poetry 1 Adamites (Nudity Sect)  1 Alien Abduction Beliefs  3 Altered States of Consciousness 7 American Invasion of Canada 8 American Revivalism  9 Amou Barking Mania 16 Amsterdam Outbreak 17 Anabaptists  18 Andree Balloon Mania  23 Animal Noises, Epidemics of  25 Anxiety Hysteria  26 Assassins, Order of  28 Assembly Line Hysteria  31 Asteroid Panic  31 Aurora End-of-the-World Panic  32 Auxonne Possession Outbreak  32 Band Bus Hysteria  40 Band Mystery Illness 40 Barking-Off Squirrels Fad 40 Batavia Shipwreck  41 Battered Wife Syndrome 45 BBC Ghostwatch Scare 45 BBC Radio Hoax 46 Bekhterev, Vladimir Mikhailovich 47 Bequette, Bill  48 Berserk School 48 Bezpopovtzy Sect  49 Bird Flu Pandemic Scare 51 Blackthorn Barking Mania  53 Boarding School Fire Pandemonium  54 Boxer Rising   54 Brandenburg Mass Possession  57 Brechin Running and Jumping Fits  57 Brigand Great Fear  58 British Military Fainting Epidemics  62 Brooklyn Bridge Panic 62 Buff alo Martian Scares   62 Bus Bedlam  64 California Choral Collapse  67 California Telephone Illness  67 Cambrai Convent Outbreak  68 Cargo “Cults”  69 Castration, Voluntary  71 Cat Girls of India  71 Cat Massacres, Great  72 Catholic Scare  73 Cattle Mutilations  74 Cevennes Prophets  77 Chemistry Lab Mystery Illness  82 Chemtrails  82 Child Abduction Panic  83 Child-Eating Scare  86 Children’s Crusades  86 Chilean Martian Panic  90 Chinese Needle Scare  90 Chinon Demonic Possession Outbreak  91 Cholera Panic  92 Christian Conversion Syndrome  95 Chupacabra Scare  96 Clay Eating Epidemic  96 Coca-Cola Scare  97 Collective Anxiety Attacks  98 Congo Witch Massacre  99 Copycat Behavior  99 Conspiracy Th eories  103 Convent Hysteria  104 Coughing Orphans  109 Crazes  109 Cyber Ghost Scare  111 Dance Frenzies  116 Dancing Mania  117 De Martino, Ernesto  121 Defense Industry Suicide Cluster  121 Demon Possession  127 Derby School Fits  133 Doughiteli Strangelers  133 Doukhobors  134 Drunk Driving Hysteria  141 Ecuador Martian Panic  143 Edison Star Sightings  144 Enthusiasm Episodes  145 Epidemic of LSD Hallucinations  147 Extraterrestrial Tsunami Panic  147 Evil Spirit School  147 Facilitated Communication Mania  150 Factory Fainting Fits  151 Factory Hysteria Sweeps USA  151 Fads  151 Fainting Factory Workers  154 Fainting Football Cheerleaders  154 Fainting French Factory Girls  154 Fainting Vietnamese Schoolgirls  155 False Memory Syndrome  155 Familiarity  159 Fantasy-Prone People  160 Fashions  163 Fatima Solar Phenomenon  165 Feather Tickling Fad  170 Females and Mass Hysteria  170 Fibromyalgia  174 Filo Cargo Cult  175 Florida Land Boom  176 Florida War Scare  176 Flying Saucer, Origin of  177 Forced Marriage Syndrome  180 Frankie Avalon Mania  182 Fraternity Orders  182 Friedeberg Outbreak  186 Fumigation Hysteria  187 Garrotting Scares  193 Genital Shrinking Scares  194 Genital Vanishing Scares  203 Genocide Hysteria  206 Ghost Attacks  207 Ghost Dance (Native American)  208 Ghost Rocket Scare  208 Glossolalia, Contagious  211 Goblin Attacks  212 Goldfi sh Swallowing Fad  213 Great American Airship Wave  214 Greek Telephone Panic Attacks  224 Gulf War Syndrome  224 Halifax Disaster  235 Halifax Perfume Scare  239 Halifax Slasher  239 Halley’s Comet Scare  242 Hammersmith Ghost Scare  244 Handsome Lake Sect (Native American)  245 Headhunting Scares  246 Hindu Milk Miracle  247 Hoorn Orphanage Possession  248 Hula-Hoop Fad  249 Hurricane Katrina Social Chaos  250 Husband Poisoning Mania  254 Hysteria  254 Hysterical Anorexia  258 Hysterical Blackouts  259 Hysterical Boredom  260 Hysterical Schoolgirls at Qawa  260 Hysterical Schoolgirls in Nepal  262 Images that Move, Weep, and Bleed  266 Incense Hysteria  273 India ET Scare and Riot  273 India Witch Scare  273 Iraq National Guard Mutiny  274 Iraq Prison Abuse Affair  275 Irradiated Mail Scare  277 Irvingites  278 Islamic Ecstatic Sects  280 Islamic Symbols Over Malaysia  282 Italian Fatigue Outbreak  284 Itching and Rash Frenzies  284 Jaca Possession Festival  289 Jewish Conversion Syndrome  290 Jumpers  291 Jumping Frenchmen of Maine  294 Kentorff Outbreak  298 Kentucky Fainting Outbreak  299 Kissing Bug Scare  299 Klikuschestvo Shouting Mania  300 Kokomo Hum  302 Koln Outbreak of Erotic Convulsions  302 Landes Outbreak  306 Laughing Epidemics  309 Lille Outbreak  311 London Earthquake Panic  313 London End-of-the-World Scare  313 London Monster Social Panics  314 London Monster Scare, The  315 Loudun Outbreak of Possessed Nuns  317 Louisiana Twitching Epidemic  323 Lourdes Visionaries  324 Louviers Outbreak  328 Lunar Influence  332 Lycanthropy  333 Lyonesse Believers (“Holy John” Sect)  339 Lyon/Saint-Etienne Demonic Outbreak  340 Mackay, Charles  345 Mad Cow Scares  346 Mad Gasser of Botetourt  347 Mad Gasser of Mattoon  350 Madrid Outbreak  355 Maine Factory Malady 356 Maliovanny Aff air  356 Mangzo Cargo “Cult”  359 Marching Band Hysteria  359 Mars Earthquake Panic  360 Mass Hysteria  360 Mass Hysteria in Work Settings  364 Mass Hysteria in Schools  375 Mass Hysteria Synonyms  386 Mass Suicide Cults  .386 Massachusetts Choral Mayhem  390 Masturbation Delusion  391 Maynard Experiment  397 Melbourne Airport Mystery Illness  397 Melin, Arthur Spud  399 Mercury Bomb Doomsday Scare  399 Merphos Poisoning Scare  399 Methodist Revival  399 Milan Outbreak  404 Milan Poisoning Scare  405 Millerite End-of-the-World Scare  406 Millenarist Migrations of Brazil  407 Mind Control Delusion, The  409 Miniature Golf Fad  412 Minnesota Fainting Epidemic  412 Miracle Hen of Leeds  413 Monkey Man Scare  413 Montreal Slasher  416 Moon Hoax, Th e Great  416 Mora Witch Aff air  418 Moral Panics and Symbolic Scares  420 Morzine Outbreak (Possessed Town)  423 Motor Hysteria  430 Multiple Personality Disorder Epidemic  430 Mummy’s Curse Fainting Fits  439 Mushroom Madness  440 Naked Cargo “Cult”  459 Naval Recruit Smoke Scare  460 Neurological Epidemic  460 New York Zoo Scare  460 New Zealand Sick Building  461 Nijmegen Convent Outbreak  461 Nîmes Outbreak of Possessed Nuns  462 Nuclear Disaster Hoax  463 Oat Bran Craze  464 Ohio Chorus Fainting Fits  464 Oklahoma Chorus Collapse  464 Operation Rid Fox  465 Orson Welles Martian Panic  465 Paderborn Outbreak  471 Palestinian Poisoning Panic  471 Paranormal Phenomena  474 Parent Hysteria (Mass Hysteria by Proxy)  477 Phantom Aircraft Waves  477 Phantom Florida Gas Poisoning  499 Phantom Hat Pin Stabber  501 Phantom Pregnancy Attacks  501 Phantom Slasher  502 Philippine Devil Hysteria  503 Phillip Knightley’s Hook Hoax  504 Photocopied Ghost Scare  505 Pigsty Hysteria  505 Pittsburgh Furnace Scare  506 Plédran Demon Attacks  506 Pokémon Illness  508 Popish Plot, The  509 Portuguese Martian Invasion Panics  515 Possession  515 President Johnson “Cult”  517 Profanity and Blasphemy  518 Psychosomatic Illness  519 Puritanism  520 Quakers  529 Railway Spine  532 Red Scares  532 Revivalism  534 Rhode Island Martian Panic  536 Riots  537 Riveter’s Ovaries  540 Rolling Stones Mania  540 Rumors  541 Running, Jumping and Climbing  544 Russian Poland Balloon Scare  546 Russian Sectarianism  546 Sabbatai Zevi the Messiah  551 Saint-Médard Convulsionnaries  555 Salem Witch-Hunts  561 Santen Convent Outbreak  566 Sardine Packing Hysteria  567 SARS Scare  567 Satanic Cult and Ritual Abuse Scare  568 Satanism  570 Saudi Teacher Fits  576 School Fainting Flurry  577 School Vampire Scare  577 School Writing Tremors  577 Scottish and Welsh Religious Excitement  579 Scottish End-of-the-World Scare  581 Scowerers and Mohocks Scare  581 Self-Flagellation Manias  582 Sexual Mores  583 Shared Psychotic Disorder  584 Sheep Panic, Th e Great  585 Showalter, Elaine  585 Sick Primary Schools  586 Sick School Staff Syndrome  587 Singapore Factory Hysteria  588 Skoptsi Castration Sect  588 Skunked Workers  592 Small Group Scares  592 Snake Handler Sect  595 Social Movements  599 Sorority Mystery Illness  599 Souponievo Outbreak  600 South Carolina Martian Panic  601 Space Alien Scare  602 Spirit Infestation as Mass Psychogenic Illness  602 Spirit Possession in India  603 Spiritualist Mania  605 Spouse Dropping Revival  614 Spring Break Riot  614 Springheel Jack Scare  614 Starpoint High Mystery Illness  616 Stevenage Mystery Illness  618 Stigmatization  618 Strawberries with Sugar Virus  623 Streaking Fad  624 Street Fainting Scare  625 Suicide Clusters  625 Swedish Preaching Epidemic  627 Syracuse Fog Scare  ...630 Taiping Rebellion 637 Tarantism  639 Teacher Hysteria 642 Tennessee School Hysteria  642 Terrorism Scares  642 Texas Earthworm Hoax  648 Th eories of Mass Hysteria  648 They Saw a Game Study  657 Thuggee 657 Tollitis  661 Tom and his Followers  661 Tonsil and Adenoid Riots  665 Toulouse Possessed Village  665 Toxic Bus Controversy  667 Toxic Courthouse  669 Toxic Mold Fears  672 Tsunami Rumors  672 Tulip Mania  672 Ugandan Running Sickness  680 Ulster Revival  680 Umhayizo Bewitchment Hysteria  683 Unterzell Outbreak  683 Urban Legends  685 Vaccination Hysterias 689 Vampirism  691 Verzegnis Outbreak  699 Virgin Mary, Apparitions of  699 Virginia Fainting Epidemic  707 Virtual Life  707 Wacky Wallwalker Fad  711 Washing Mania  711 Water Monster Panic  712 Weather and Human Behavior  712 Welsh Pedophile Panic  713 Welsh Revival  716 Wertet Outbreak  721 Wheezing Malady  722 Whitechapel Murders Scare  723 White Slavery Scare  725 Wife Abuse Hysteria 726 Windigo Psychosis  726 Windshield Pitting Scare  728 Witch Mania  731 Wonder Horse Manias  740 Xenoglossossy  745 Xhosa Cattle Killing Prophecy  746 Zeitoun Luminous Phenomena  752 Zimbabwe Zombie School  752 Zoot Suit Riots  753 Index  755